"The Origins of Dracula" is an anthology of scholarly sources that Bram Stoker consulted while writing his 1897 masterpiece of gothic horror "Dracula". These aren't the literary antecedents of the novel, but non-fiction works that relate to the novel's sub-themes. Clive Leatherdale, who has annotated and published Bram Stoker's other works as well as the most scholarly and comprehensive annotated edition of "Dracula", has excerpted the relevant portions of Bram Stoker's sources and compiled them here. According to Stoker's working notes for "Dracula", he consulted 32 sources. Leatherdale includes 16 of them here plus one additional article. Those omitted seemed to have no bearing on "Dracula", are in French, or are "so prolix as to defy editorial surgery", in Leatherdale's words.
The works were published 1750-1895, but most are from the mid- to late-19th century. Common subjects are: Balkan folklore, Eastern European history, natural history, and theories on trances and states of unconsciousness. Leatherdale introduces each work and explains how it may have related to "Dracula". The one essay that was not among Bram Stoker's sources is a piece by Benedictine monk Dom Augustine Calmet from "The Phantom Ward", written in 1750 and translated into English in 1850, in which he tries to make sense of the epidemic of vampirism that purportedly plagued parts of Eastern Europe in the 1720s-1730s. What follows is a list of the other works which are included. These are excerpts of the works, typically 10-20 pages long, not the entire work:
"Curiosities of Olden Times" (1895) and "The Book of Were-Wolves" (1865) by Sabine Baring-Gould, "The Origins of Primitive Superstitions" (1881) by Ruston M. Dorman, "On the Truths Contained in Popular Superstitions" (1851) by Herbert Mayo, "An Account of the Principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia" (1820) by William Wilkinson, "On the Track of the Crescent" (1885) by Major E.C. Johnson, "The Nineteenth Century" (1885) by Emily Gerard, "The Folk-Tales of the Magyars" (1889) translated by Rev. W. Henry Jones and Lewis L. Kropf, "Anecdotes of Habits and Instincts of Animals" (1853) by Sarah Lee, "Credulities Past and Present" (1880) by William Jones, "On Superstitions Connected with the History and Practice of Medicine and Surgery" (1844) by Thomas Pettigrew, "The Natural and the Supernatural" (1861) by John Jones, "The Other World" aka "Glimpses of the Supernatural" (1875) by Frederick Lee, "The Devil: His Origins, Greatness, and Decadence" (1871) by Albert Réville, "Superstitions and Force" (1878) by Henry C. Lea.
The chapter titles refer to the subject of the work, not the titles that I have listed above. There is an appendix with a complete list of Stoker's sources. Some of the works provide insight into folklore and lifestyles of the time, while those on medical theory or history are certainly outdated. More is known about Eastern European history and fact better separated from fiction now than it was then. "The Origins of Dracula" will only interest scholars and serious students of the novel. But this is a very convenient collection of sources for those who wish to dig deep into "Dracula"'s origins. I have read a lot of criticism and scholarship of "Dracula", but I had only encountered two of these sources before, those by Emily Gerard and Dom Augustine Calmet.
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